Five Years

After five years tracking Scientology's excesses, time to look back on some of the highlights – and signal a change of direction.

Help yourself to caek

Five years already?

I'd like to say there was a plan, but no: at the beginning it was mainly about publishing stories that the mainstream media wouldn't touch.

Then it developed a life of its own: the Paris trial, Xenophon's campaign in Australia and a string of US lawsuits. The problem wasn't digging up the stories, but finding the time to do them.

In recent months however, regular readers may have noticed a slacking-off in production.

This is partly due to a change in working hours that has left me with less free time; but also because shorter news items now go straight to Tony Ortega at The Underground Bunker.

The Bunker is the number one site in the field, giving daily, in-depth coverage of Scientology's inimitable brand of brutalist absurdity. So it makes sense to focus news coverage there.

Since it's roughly five years to the day that the site started, now seems a good time to look back on some of the highlights.

Abuse at the top

Infinite Complacency launched on March 16, 2009, although many of the dozen or so articles that opened the site had been written months earlier.1

Laura DeCrescenzo

The opening series “Violence and Abuse in the Sea Org” was built around what were then relatively little-known allegations about the violence at the top of the movement – in particular the beatings handed out by Scientology leader, David Miscavige.2

It is a measure of how far the scene has moved in the past five years that a lot of this material – even Miscavige's talent for violence – is old hat now. Nevertheless, the shocking details of life in the Sea Org, the movement’s elite cadre, are as true as they ever were. If anything, the situation has deteriorated.

That perhaps explains why one post from that first series, “Abuse in the Sea Org”, is still one of the top ten most read items here. Not bad considering that back in the early days the site had a readership of two men and dog (and I'm pretty sure the dog was OSA).

Those early posts also covered the lawsuits launched by former Sea Org members Claire and Marc Headley against the movement in January of 2009.

Infinite Complacency followed their battle to the bitter end in July 2012, when a U.S. appeals court threw out their cases, folding in the face of Scientology's First Amendment defence.3

The site got an early boost when it broke the news of the lawsuit launched by Laura DeCrescenzo (another of the top 10 most read posts here).

Recruited into the Sea Org aged 12, married at 16, Laura fell pregnant a year later.

In her lawsuit she says she was forced to have an abortion because of the Sea Org ban on children.

DeCrescenzo, who eventually became so desperate to escape she swallowed bleach to get herself thrown out, is still battling through the US courts.

Come April 2, that will be five years of punishing litigation: not an anniversary anyone would want to celebrate. So hats off to her.4

The Paris trial

A large part of Infinite Complacency's content has been taken up with coverage of the Paris fraud trial, a legal battle that for all intents and purposes ended last year in France's top court.5

Devoting so much coverage to the case was a bit of a gamble. The prosecution case could easily have crumbled away, like several others before it.

This time around however, the stakes were higher.

The movement itself, not just senior members, were on trial for fraud, and there was even talk that Scientology might be be shut down in France if convicted.

In a case that yielded as much drama outside the courtroom as inside, Scientology was eventually convicted of fraud: at the original trial in 2009, on appeal in 2011 and at the Cour de Cassation last year.6

And that conviction puts it one step closer to the guillotine: under French law a second conviction could be enough to get it banned.

Some aspects of the original trial deserve more attention than they have ever received.

Have a look, for example, at psychiatrist Daniel Zagury’s fascinating testimony, in which he points out that the techniques used inside Scientology constitute an abuse of the transference process.

Another highlight was a masterful performance from Olivier Morice, the lawyer for the one of the plaintiffs at the original trial, who also represented counter-cult group UNADFI.

Morice made short work of two experts the defence had summoned to endorse the movement's e-meter, a device used in Scientology's therapy.

When he confronted them with some of L. Ron Hubbard's more outlandish claims for the e-meter, they were forced to agree that Scientology’s founder had been talking nonsense.

Morice's role in the trial was crucial because, of all the lawyers present, he knew better than any exactly how Scientology operates.

Disconnection

Limited resources meant that most of the coverage at Infinite Complacency has been restricted to court reporting and Web-based journalism, and research trips have been rare. But a 2007 trip to California yielded a wealth of material.

Allan Henderson

One particularly distressing story concerned the devastation that Scientology's disconnection policy wrought on the Henderson family.

Disconnection is one of the most destructive aspects of Scientology. The movement's “ethics officers” force its members to break off all contact with loved ones deemed enemies of the movement – on pain of being cast out themselves.

Back in March 2007, many former Scientologists were still wary of going public with their stories. But not Mike Henderson.

He was happy to go on the record with details of the abuse he had experienced both as a paying member and then as a part of the Sea Org.

He was even more anxious to introduce me to his father.

Allan Henderson was already in hospital, fighting a losing battle against stomach cancer. But despite the debilitating effects of his illness and the chemotherapy, he was determined to get his story on the record.

He explained how when he quit the movement in 2001 after nearly three decades inside, he had been declared suppressive.

At a stroke, that cut him off from any contact with his first wife, his two sons and four daughters – Mike included – and his 22 grandchildren. They all cut off any communication with him, as per Scientology policy.

It was only after Mike quit Scientology himself that he reconciled with his father, and he has spoken movingly of the guilt he felt for how he behaved while still inside.

During the final months of his father's life, Mike did everything he could to get his siblings to heal the rift before it was too late – but they would not budge.

Allan Henderson died on June 4, 2007. He never got to see the rest of his family. Now it is Mike’s turn to feel alone on the outside, for none of them will speak to him either.

Despite Scientology's repeated denials that it imposes disconnection on any of its members, this is a story that has been played out many times.7  For another egregious example of this policy, see last week’s report by Joe Childs over at The Tampa Bay Times.

Xenophon's campaign

Nick Xenophon

In November 2009, news broke of a new front in the battle to expose Scientology.

In Australia, Senator Nick Xenonphon, an independent, gave a devastating speech to the chamber on November 17, launching a one-man campaign against abuses inside the movement.

Citing letters he had received from former members, he listed a jaw-dropping litany of allegations against Scientology – and asked why such an organisation should enjoy tax exemption.

In the letters, former members described how they had been victims of – and sometimes party to – the group's hard-sell tactics: one former member told he had repeatedly had to kick sales teams out of his house in the small hours of the morning.

They explained how women on staff were put under relentless pressure to have abortions so as to continue what was considered to be their far more important work with Scientology.

And more than one of Xenophon's correspondents confessed to having helped cover up crimes – including child abuse – to keep the movement out of trouble.

Former staffers spoke of the abusive environment at Scientology centres, and blatant medical neglect: some employees with cancer received no palliative care, but just stayed on post until they were too weak to work.

The testimony of one former executive, Aaron Saxton, was particularly shocking: during his time in the Sea Org, in both Australia and the United States, he had ruthlessly enforced many of the harshest rules in Scientology.

He admitted to having pressured staffers into having abortions so they could stay on post; and to having enforced disconnection orders on members who had fallen from grace. He also helped track down and retrieve runaways.

What made Saxton's testimony more credible was his willingness to accept responsibility for what he himself had done while inside. But he was not just one of the abusers: he too was a victim.

Since Xenophon was speaking in Senate, with the legal protection that afforded him, he could air these accusations in full. And by placing the letters into the Senate archives, he put vital testimony into the public domain.

This is a collection that deserves careful scrutiny not just because of what it reveals about Scientology's operations in Australia, but mirrors the abuse that goes on elsewhere in the world: in Europe, in the United States – wherever the movement operates.

In 2013 a new bill passed into law that established a public benefit for charities in Australia seeking tax exemption, a hurdle that most critics of Scientology doubt it could clear.

Recent reports however suggest the new law could be under threat from the recently elected government – so that battle is far from over.8

Communication Breakdown

Another story worth a second look is last year’s two-part investigation into the death of Heribert Pfaff.

Pfaff, from Germany, was an epileptic whose fits finally killed him after Scientologists had convinced him to come off his anti-convulsant medication.

They actually thought they could cure him: and they are still making similar criminally negligent claims.

Finally, Belgian cartoonist Renaud de Heyn's illuminated biography of French campaigner Roger Gonnet deserves a mention.

“The Illustrated Man” is not just a fitting tribute to Gonnet's remarkable contribution to exposing Scientology here in France. It also contains some priceless “iconic” jabs at the movement.

Saint Ron

(© Renaud de Heyn)

I speculated at the time that Scientology might not appreciate de Heyn’s subversion of its trademarked religious symbols.

Sure enough, in the weeks after this article appeared, Infinite Complacency’s site-meter showed that someone from Texas law firm Andrews and Kurth was making regular visits.

It was they who, back in 1999, wrote to Andreas Heldal-Lund of Operation Clambake on behalf of the Religious Technology Center to try to convince him he was violating their copyright and trademarks.

In the nicest possible way, he told them where to get off.

“Straight talk is good business,” Andrews and Kurth tell visitors to their website.

On this occasion however, they never actually got around to picking up the phone. Like the man said:

Help yourself to caek.

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1   While the site launched on March 16, 2009, many of the early pieces were ready to go by late December, 2008, as you'll see from some of the dates on the initial posts in the series.

2   The first 14 posts all went out in the space of two-weeks (“Introduction” to “The Story So Far”). A few months later, on June 21, the St Petersburg Times (now the Tamba Times) took the story of Miscavige's violence mainstream in their Pulitzer-nominated series, The Truth Rundown.

3   For more on the failings of the appeal court ruling against the Headleys, see my write-up of the Harvard Law Review's critique. Another one of this site's most-read posts is “Headley Supporters Rally Round”, on the way Scientology's critics online pulled together to help them pay their massive legal costs.

4  For the latest developments in Laura’s case, see Tony Ortega coverage at The Underground Bunker.

5   The three court battles ran from May 2009 to October 2013, though the investigation itself began back in December 1998.

6   A quick glance at the site reveals that a little over the third of the 158 posts here – 56 and counting – were devoted to coverage of the Paris trial.

7   To learn more about how disconnection came to be, and the damage it does, see  “Introduction to Disconnection” elsewhere at this site.

8   “Charity laws change from Today”: January 1 report from ABC Australia. “What makes an organisation a charity and eligible for concessions on things like income tax is now formally defined in Australia for the first time under the Charities Act which comes into force today. But the law may be short-lived with the Abbott Government planning to abolish the Australian Charities and Not-For-Profits Commission and get the sector's views on the new legislation.”

Invisible Handcuffs I

An unusual case of human trafficking in Britain is generating extensive coverage in the world press: but why are people surprised that people can be controlled in this way?

Police and other professionals fighting human trafficking seem amazed that the victims in this case appear to have been virtual slaves for 30 years without being physically restrained.

One senior officer has spoken vividly of the “invisible handcuffs” that appeared to bind the three women involved to their alleged captors.

But why so surprised?

Anyone working in the field of cultic abuse could tell them that it is perfectly possible to reduce people to virtual slavery through emotional and psychological abuse.

The professionals working in human trafficking however are clearly used to less subtle, more brutal methods.

Here are the basic facts to date: On November 21, police acting on a tip-off from a charity arrested an elderly couple in London over allegations that they had kept three women for up to 30 years in conditions that amounted to slavery.

A statement from New Scotland Yard identified the victims as a 30-year-old Briton, a 57-year-old Irish national and a 69-year-old Malaysian.1

“These women are highly traumatised, having been held in servitude for at least 30 years with no real exposure to the outside world...,” said Detective Inspector Kevin Hyland of the Met's Human Trafficking Unit (HTU).

“Our unit deals with many cases every year but has never unearthed such a staggering example of people held against their will for their whole life time,” he added.2

In a statement the following day Commander Steve Rodhouse tried to spell out what for them was the unique aspect of this case.

Officers in the Human Trafficking Unit were used to dealing with cases in which the victims had been physically and sexually abused to keep them in captivity, he said. This was something different, however.

“We do not believe that this case falls into the category of sexual exploitation, or what we all understand as human trafficking,” he said.

“It is not as brutally obvious as women being physically restrained inside an address and not allowed to leave.

“What Kevin [D.I. Hyland] and his team are trying to understand is what were the invisible handcuffs that were used to exert such a degree of control over these women.

“Trying to label this investigation as domestic servitude or forced labour is far too simple.

“What we have uncovered so far is a complicated and disturbing picture of emotional control over many years, brainwashing would be the most simplest term, yet that belittles the years of emotional abuse these victims have had to endure.

“We believe at this stage to the outside world this may have appeared to be a 'normal' family.”3

Forget the shackles

Anthony Steen, chairman of Britain’s Human Trafficking Foundation, made a similar point in comments to BBC Radio 4’s World at One programme.

"You've got to think of slavery as something different from what it was in the 18th century when people were in shackles,” he told journalist Sean Ley.

"It's psychological slavery, it's emotional slavery, it’s debt bondage slavery. It's changing: every time we catch up with it is running away in another direction..." he added.

In this case, he said: “The so-called slaves did have mobile phones and apparently they had television and they could go out so it's going to be very much more psychological slavery than actual physical slavery and that is even more difficult to detect."

Initial media coverage of this affair compared it with the ordeal of Elizabeth Fritzl in Austria, whose father imprisoned her for 24 years and repeatedly raped her. But that is well wide of the mark.

We know already that in this case, the victims were not locked away, at least not physically. They were, on the face of it at least, free to come and go as they pleased.

Professionals in the field of human trafficking are more used to dealing with victims who have suffered beatings and sometimes rapes to keep them compliant.

The harrowing case studies at the Human Trafficking Foundation’s website – forced labour, child/sex trafficking, domestic servitude – make that abundantly clear.4

They appear to be less familiar with the idea of these “invisible handcuffs” that control victims with a minimal of physical coercion.

But for anyone familiar with the cult phenomenon this is old news.

The days are long past when “cult mind control” was presented as a unique, almost magical form of manipulation against which unwary mortals were helpless.

Professionals in the field now place it in a broad spectrum of abuse that operates in different forms in other walks of life. They draw parallels for example between cultic manipulation and the dynamics of an abusive relationship.

Other academics studying cults – or new religious movements as they prefer to call them – have fought a determined rearguard action to play down the significance of mind control. Some have questioned its very existence.

This time around however, it may be more difficult to dismiss: because this time, the phenomenon has broken into the mainstream; and this time, we are not talking about a religious movement.

Latest reports in the British media suggest that both the suspects and the alleged victims were once members of a political cult: they appear to have been active in something called the Mao Zedong Memorial Centre, in Brixton, south London.

If that proves to be the case, police could do worse than to consult one uniquely qualified cult expert.

Dr Janja Lalich, professor of Sociology at California State University, spent more than 10 years in the San Franciso-based Democratic Workers Party, which she now characterises as a political cult.

It was that experience which shaped her subsequent academic career investigating the dynamics of cultic abuse. She spent some time working with cult expert Dr Margaret Singer, (who will be a familiar name to some of the regulars here).5

But what does all this have to do with Scientology? Well, more than you might think.

A review of recent US lawsuits by former members and a look at a case out of Mexico reveal more than a few ironies – of which more next time.

1 “Two people arrested by Human Trafficking Unit”, New Scotland Yard statement, November 21.

2 From the November 21, police statement. Officers launched their investigation after being contacted by the London-based Freedom Charity, which campaigns against forced marriages: one of the three women, the Irish woman had approached them after seeing them featured in a BBC documentary on the subject. On Saturday the charity reported a five-fold increase in phone calls since the story broke.

3 From the November 22 police statement “Update following arrests by Human Trafficking Unit”. In the same statement, DI Hyland said that all 37 officers in the HTU were now assigned to the case, a measure of how seriously they are taking the case. Given the case spans 30 years of alleged abuse however, they made it clear that the investigation would take months: officers have seized 55 bags of evidence – more than 2,500 exhibits – which they will have to examine.

4 You can get an idea of the kind of cases they normally encounter at this part of their website.

5 I recommend the book they produced together, Cults in Our Midst. You can see a complete list of Lalich’s books at her website, cultresearch.org.